Hemp Cannabinoids: Benefits, Legality, and Popular Varieties in 2024

As interest in hemp and its derivatives grows every year, many people have questions about cannabinoids, such as, “What are they?” and “How are they different from cannabis?” This article will clarify key aspects of cannabinoids in 2024, including legality, varieties, and benefits.

We'll define hemp vs cannabis, explain "hemp-derived," list legal cannabinoids available now, summarize top benefits, and profile several of the most popular cannabinoid products people use today.

Whether you're new to hemp cannabinoids or looking to expand your knowledge, this overview covers a bit more than need-to-know information about these intriguing compounds.

What Are Cannabinoids and Where Do They Come From?

Cannabinoids are chemical compounds found in cannabis plants like hemp and marijuana. They interact with your endocannabinoid system, which regulates many biological functions and helps maintain homeostasis in the body.

The two most well-known cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).

Phytocannabinoids

The cannabinoids produced naturally in cannabis plants are called phytocannabinoids. Hemp and marijuana contain over 100 phytocannabinoids, including THC and CBD.

THC is psychoactive and produces the “high” feeling associated with marijuana. In contrast, CBD is non-psychoactive and does not produce a high.

Endocannabinoids

Your body also produces its own cannabinoids, known as endocannabinoids. They interact with cannabinoid receptors throughout your body to regulate functions like mood, appetite, sleep, and pain sensation.

The two most prominent endocannabinoids are anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Synthetic cannabinoids are manufactured and do not occur naturally in plants. Synthetic THC like dronabinol and nabilone are available by prescription to treat nausea from chemotherapy and increase appetite.

However, synthetic cannabinoids sold as “legal highs” have certain risks associated with them (that we explore more in this article) and are illegal in many places.

In summary, cannabinoids refer to a diverse class of compounds that interact with your endocannabinoid system.

They include phytocannabinoids from plants, endocannabinoids produced naturally in your body, and synthetic cannabinoids manufactured for research or medical use.

When derived from hemp, certain cannabinoids like CBD are legal in many places and offer a variety of wellness benefits.

Hemp vs. Cannabis: Understanding the Key Differences

You may have heard the terms "hemp" and "cannabis" used interchangeably, but there are distinct differences between these two plants in the Cannabaceae family. Both hemp and cannabis contain cannabinoids like CBD and THC but in different concentrations.

Hemp

Hemp refers to the non-psychoactive varieties of the Cannabis sativa plant. Hemp plants contain 0.3% or less of THC, the compound responsible for the intoxicating effects of marijuana. Hemp has a wide range of industrial and commercial uses, including rope, textiles, clothing, shoes, food, paper, bioplastics, insulation, and biofuel.

Cannabis

Cannabis refers to plants in the Cannabis genus that contain higher amounts of THC, including marijuana varieties bred for recreational and medicinal use. Cannabis plants grown for marijuana can contain 5-35% THC. Due to cannabis' psychoactivity, most countries have banned its cultivation and sale. However, some countries and states in the US have legalized cannabis for recreational or medicinal use.

Hemp-Derived vs. Cannabis-Derived

Products derived from hemp, such as CBD oil, contain very little THC and are legal under US federal law, while cannabis-derived products contain higher amounts of THC and remain federally illegal. Consumers should understand these distinctions when purchasing hemp or cannabis products to ensure compliance with the law.

In summary, while hemp and cannabis are closely related plants, they differ substantially in their cannabinoid profiles and legal status. By understanding these key differences, consumers and producers can make informed choices regarding hemp, cannabis, and their derivative products.

"Hemp-Derived": What This Label Actually Means

The term “ hemp-derived” refers to compounds, such as cannabinoids and terpenes, that are extracted from industrial hemp plants. Unlike marijuana, hemp contains negligible amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the cannabinoid responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis. Instead, hemp is rich in cannabidiol (CBD) and over 100 other non-psychoactive cannabinoids and terpenes.

Hemp vs. Marijuana

While hemp and marijuana are both varieties of the Cannabis sativa plant, they differ in their cannabinoid profiles. Marijuana contains high amounts of THC, ranging from 5-30% or more of its dry weight. In contrast, hemp contains less than 0.3% THC, as legally defined in the U.S. and many other countries. Due to its negligible THC content, hemp does not produce the intoxicating effects associated with marijuana.

The Legal Landscape

In the U.S., hemp-derived cannabinoids are legal at the federal level, thanks to the 2018 Farm Bill. However, some states have additional restrictions on hemp-derived products.

The legality of hemp-derived cannabinoids also varies in other countries, though many places are legalizing hemp and CBD. It is important to understand the laws regarding hemp-derived compounds in your location before purchasing or using these products.

Benefits and Uses

Hemp-derived cannabinoids and terpenes show promise for supporting health and wellness. CBD may help reduce stress, relieve pain, improve sleep, and ease anxiety. Other cannabinoids and terpenes in hemp, such as CBG and limonene, also exhibit potential therapeutic benefits. Hemp-derived compounds are available as tinctures, capsules, topicals, and more. However, more research is still needed to fully understand their effects.

In summary, the term “hemp-derived” indicates that a product contains compounds extracted from industrial hemp, rather than marijuana. Hemp-derived cannabinoids contain little to no THC, so they do not produce intoxicating effects.

While the legal status of hemp-derived cannabinoids varies in different locations, many places are legalizing them due to their potential health and wellness benefits.

Most Popular Hemp Cannabinoids on the Market

CBD (Cannabidiol)

CBD is one of the most well-known cannabinoids and is used for its potential therapeutic benefits, such as reducing inflammation, anxiety, and chronic pain. CBD products come in various forms, including oils, gummies, capsules, and lotions.

CBG (Cannabigerol)

CBG is gaining popularity as a supplement for its potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. CBG may also help increase appetite and act as an antidepressant. CBG products are available as oils, gummies, capsules, and topicals.

CBC (Cannabichromene)

CBC is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid studied for its potential anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and mood-enhancing effects. Early research shows CBC may promote neurogenesis and act as an antidepressant. CBC is available as oils, capsules, gummies, and topical creams.

CBN (Cannabinol)

CBN is a mildly intoxicating cannabinoid formed when THC oxidizes and breaks down. In low doses, CBN acts as a sedative and may help reduce inflammation and relieve pain. CBN products come as oils, gummies, capsules, and topical creams.

Delta 8 THC

Delta-8-THC is an analog of the more common Delta-9-THC. While chemically similar, Delta-8-THC tends to produce fewer psychoactive effects and is associated with a lower risk of anxiety and paranoia.

Some studies show Delta-8-THC may help reduce nausea, stimulate appetite, and relieve pain. Delta-8-THC products have surged in popularity as an alternative for those seeking the therapeutic benefits of THC with less intensity.

Delta 8 THC is a mildly intoxicating cannabinoid extracted from hemp. It binds to the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system but has a lower psychotropic potency than  Delta 9 THC. Delta 8 THC products include vape cartridges, tinctures, gummies, flowers, and pre-rolls.

THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)

THCV is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid studied for its potential to suppress appetite, reduce inflammation, and act as an anticonvulsant. THCV products are available as oils, softgels, gummies, and vape cartridges.

Delta 10 THC

Delta 10 THC is a newly emerging cannabinoid with mild psychotropic effects. Early research shows Delta 10 THC may help relieve inflammation, stress, and chronic pain. Delta 10 THC products include vapes, tinctures, gummies, and pre-rolls.

THC-O Acetate

THC-O Acetate is a semi-synthetic cannabinoid derived from hemp with strong psychotropic effects. Anecdotal evidence suggests THC-O Acetate may help relieve chronic pain, PTSD, and insomnia in high doses. THC-O Acetate products include vape cartridges, tinctures, gummies, and pre-rolls.

Delta 11

Delta 11 THC is a recently discovered cannabinoid gaining attention for its potent psychotropic effects. It is known to produce a more intense experience compared to Delta 8 and Delta 10 THC. Preliminary research suggests Delta 11 THC may help alleviate pain, reduce anxiety, and enhance mood. Delta 11 THC products are available as vape cartridges, tinctures, gummies, and pre-rolls, making it an intriguing option for those looking for a stronger cannabinoid experience.

THC-H (Hexahydrocannabinol)

THC-H is a hydrogenated derivative of THC, known for its powerful psychoactive effects. It is reported to provide a potent, long-lasting high, and may offer benefits such as pain relief and relaxation. THC-H products are available in various forms, including vape cartridges, tinctures, and gummies.

THC-X

THC-X is an innovative cannabinoid blend designed to enhance the potency and effects of traditional THC products. It combines various cannabinoids to create a powerful and unique experience. THC-X products, available as vape cartridges, tinctures, and gummies, are sought after for their strong psychoactive effects and potential therapeutic benefits.

THC-B (Tetrahydrocannabutol)

THC-B is a lesser-known cannabinoid that is gaining interest for its strong psychoactive properties. It is believed to interact with the endocannabinoid system in unique ways, potentially offering intense euphoric effects and pain relief. THC-B products come in forms such as vape cartridges, tinctures, and gummies.

HHC: A New Psychoactive Substance Mimicking THC

HHC, or hexahydrocannabinol, is a psychoactive substance that is chemically similar to THC, the main psychoactive compound in cannabis. According to limited studies, HHC appears to produce effects comparable to THC when consumed, though the specific effects of HHC on humans are not yet fully understood.

HHC-P (Hexahydrocannabiphorol)

HHC-P is a newly emerging cannabinoid that is believed to be significantly more potent than traditional HHC. It interacts strongly with the endocannabinoid system, potentially offering intense psychoactive effects and powerful relief from pain and anxiety. Due to its high potency, HHC-P products, such as vape cartridges and tinctures, are sought after by experienced users looking for a more robust cannabinoid experience.

HHC-O (Hexahydrocannabinol Acetate)

HHC-O, or hexahydrocannabinol acetate, is another derivative of HHC that has been gaining attention for its enhanced psychoactive properties. By acetylating HHC, this compound is believed to deliver more pronounced effects, including deeper relaxation and more significant pain relief. HHC-O products, including gummies and vape cartridges, are becoming popular among users seeking stronger and longer-lasting cannabinoid effects.

Structure and Effects

The molecular structure of HHC is nearly identical to that of THC, with the only difference being the addition of two hydrogen molecules. Due to this structural similarity, HHC is believed to interact with the same cannabinoid receptors in the body that THC activates.

Early research shows HHC may produce euphoric, relaxing, and analgesic effects similar to those of THC. However, the potency and duration of HHC’s effects could differ from THC due to the slightly varied chemical structure.

The Effects and Risks of Using HHC Products

HHC is structurally similar to THC, the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, and according to limited studies appears to produce similar psychological and physical effects.

Psychological Effects

The psychological effects of HHC are not fully understood but may be similar to THC, including altered mood and cognition, euphoria, and relaxation. HHC may also intensify the effects of other substances like alcohol or impair motor function and decision-making.

The potency and duration of HHC's psychological effects are unknown but could be significant, especially in concentrated forms like vape cartridges.

HHC Products Mimicking Cannabis and THC

HHC is a synthetic cannabinoid that is sold in products designed to mimic the effects of cannabis and THC. These products are marketed as legal alternatives for recreational use, though little is known about the effects of HHC on humans.

HHC Flowers and Resins

Some retailers sell HHC-infused hemp flowers and cannabis resins that are made to look like illicit marijuana buds. The HHC is sprayed or mixed onto the plant matter to produce effects that are said to mimic smoking cannabis.

These products allow consumers to replicate the experience of smoking marijuana buds without actually containing THC.

Health and Safety Concerns

Little research has been done on the effects of HHC. Anecdotal reports from users indicate that HHC may produce psychoactive effects comparable to cannabis, though the substance has not been formally studied in humans.

The lack of safety data and regulations surrounding these products poses risks to public health that are not fully understood. HHC is unregulated and may be especially dangerous to inexperienced users and youth, who are often the target market for these products.

In summary, the cannabis plant contains over 100 cannabinoids, many with medicinal promise. As research on cannabinoids continues, more will likely find their way to market, providing greater choice and customization for consumers seeking the benefits of hemp. The diversity of cannabinoids represents an exciting new frontier in natural health and wellness.

The Wellness Benefits of Cannabinoids and Hemp

Cannabinoids and hemp extracts have been shown to provide various health and wellness benefits when consumed. They interact with your body’s endocannabinoid system to help maintain homeostasis and optimal health.

Reduced Inflammation

Cannabinoids like CBD and CBG have anti-inflammatory effects and may help reduce inflammation in the body. Chronic inflammation is linked to many health issues, so reducing inflammation can have wide-reaching benefits for wellness and longevity.

Improved Sleep

CBD in particular has sedative effects and may help improve sleep quality and duration. Many people take CBD oil or capsules before bed to aid sleep. The calming effects of CBD can help quiet a restless mind and relax the body to make it easier to fall asleep.

Relief from Anxiety and Stress

CBD and other cannabinoids have anxiolytic properties, meaning they help reduce feelings of anxiety and stress. They interact with receptors in the brain and body that regulate mood and stress levels. For some, CBD provides a soothing, calming effect that helps alleviate excessive worry and tension.

Pain Relief

Cannabinoids like CBD and THC have analgesic effects and may help relieve chronic and acute pain. They reduce inflammation, interact with pain signaling in the brain and body, and may provide muscle relaxation.

Many people use CBD and THC products for natural pain relief from conditions like arthritis, injuries, menstrual cramps, and more.

Improved Heart Health

Cannabinoids like CBD may benefit heart health in several ways. CBD can help lower high blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for heart disease. It may also help reduce arterial stiffness and heart rate, improve blood flow, and lower inflammation – all of which can support a healthy cardiovascular system.

Some research even shows CBD may help reduce damage from heart attacks and strokes.

In summary, cannabinoids and hemp extracts have a wide range of wellness benefits supported by modern research. When consumed, they can also optimize your health across many areas of the body and brain.

Adding cannabinoids like CBD to your wellness routine could help you feel better, think clearer, and live healthier.

The Legal Status of Hemp Cannabinoids

In the United States, the legal status of hemp and hemp-derived cannabinoids is complex. The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp cultivation and production in the U.S., removing hemp from the list of controlled substances.

However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) still regulates hemp products and maintains that CBD cannot be sold as a dietary supplement. The FDA has approved only one CBD-based drug, Epidiolex, to treat rare forms of epilepsy.

State Laws

While federal law prohibits cannabis and its derivatives, many states have legalized them to varying degrees. As of 2024, 47 states have legalized hemp-derived cannabinoids, and 33 states have legalized medical or recreational cannabis.

States that have legalized cannabis have also legalized hemp-derived cannabinoids. However, states maintain the right to regulate these products as they see fit.

For example, some states prohibit the sale of cannabinoid products with any detectable THC, while other states allow higher THC limits or require lab testing and labeling. You should research the laws of your state to understand the legal status of cannabinoids.

International Law

Internationally, cannabis and cannabinoids remain illegal in most countries under UN drug treaties. However, some countries have legalized medical or recreational cannabis, and the UN has recommended rescheduling cannabis.

The legal status of cannabinoids derived from hemp also varies internationally but is becoming more permissible. As with the U.S., you should research the laws of any country you plan to travel to or ship cannabinoids in order to comply with regulations.

In summary, while federal law in the U.S. prohibits most cannabinoids, state laws are evolving to legalize these compounds, especially when derived from hemp.

Internationally, cannabinoids remain illegal in most places but are gaining acceptance. Staying up-to-date with the latest regulations will help ensure you use cannabinoids legally and responsibly.

Hemp vs Marijuana: A Key Distinction

It is important to understand the difference between hemp and marijuana, even from a legal perspective. While both come from the Cannabis sativa plant, hemp contains 0.3% or less of the psychoactive compound THC, the chemical responsible for the intoxicating effects of marijuana.

Marijuana, on the other hand, contains substantial amounts of THC, typically well over 0.3%. Because hemp cannot produce intoxicating effects, the 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp cultivation and allows for the production and sale of hemp-derived cannabinoids like CBD.

Marijuana, however, remains classified as an illegal Schedule I controlled substance under federal law.

The FDA's Stance on Hemp Cannabinoids

Although the 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp and hemp-derived cannabinoids, the FDA still maintains regulatory authority over hemp products. The FDA has approved only one CBD product, the epilepsy drug Epidiolex.

The FDA prohibits the sale of CBD as a dietary supplement and in foods and beverages. However, some states have passed laws allowing CBD in foods, drinks and dietary supplements.

The FDA is currently evaluating how to regulate CBD products to ensure safety and quality while still enabling a viable hemp industry.

The Legality of Other Cannabinoids

Other hemp-derived cannabinoids like CBN, CBG, CBC, and even HHC are legal under the 2018 Farm Bill, but also fall under FDA regulation. These minor cannabinoids are being studied for their potential health and wellness benefits but are not approved by the FDA as dietary supplements.

Their legal status may change as the FDA establishes a regulatory framework for hemp products. For now, consumers should make sure any cannabinoid product they purchase comes from licensed hemp cultivators and processors to ensure it meets legal requirements.

In summary, while the 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp and hemp-derived cannabinoids, the regulatory landscape remains complex. Consumers should understand the laws in their state and buy hemp products from reputable companies that can demonstrate their products meet all legal requirements.

Further, FDA guidance will help provide clarity on the rules for producing and selling hemp cannabinoids.

Conclusion

As we have seen, hemp cannabinoids offer a wide range of potential health and wellness benefits, and new varieties continue to emerge. While laws remain complex, the hemp industry has expanded rapidly, bringing consumers more choices.

Carefully research products, consult experts, and use cannabinoids responsibly. This overview aims to educate and empower you to make informed decisions about these compounds.

When sourced ethically and used appropriately, hemp derivatives like CBD, CBG, and others, could support your health goals.

We hope this guide leaves you feeling more knowledgeable and maybe even excited about cannabinoids' possibilities.